International Trade

Geopolitical shifts and tensions, technology changes, and climate pressures are transforming international trade, creating both risks and opportunities for companies that can navigate this new environment. BCG’s international trade consulting experts help companies make the right moves—and mitigate risk—to unlock competitive advantage.

" "
For decades, companies built their global strategies around a set of basic premises. International trade and investment would grow ever freer, continue to drive global GDP growth, and be governed by multilateral rules and institutions. To secure a cost advantage, companies should build vast global footprints that enable them to manufacture and source in cost-effective economies and sell in virtually any national market.

Geopolitical shifts, disruptive technologies, and changing cost structures around the world are shattering assumptions of international business. The rapidly evolving, increasingly complex international trade environment certainly presents great risks. But it is also creating enormous opportunities for companies that know how to navigate it and are agile enough to adapt.

Our Approach to International Trade

Taking a “wait-and-see approach” will not lead to an advantageous position for firms and governments. Our international trade consultants help clients identify and implement a clear set of proactive moves to mitigate risk and seize competitive advantage as the international trade environment evolves:

  1. Assess Exposure. The first step for companies is to take a hard, analytic look at their manufacturing, supply, and distribution footprints to assess their exposure to changes in trade rules. In today’s volatile trade landscape, companies should activate a tariff command center that’s focused on understanding tariffs, mobilizing quickly, applying proven action levers, and driving agile responses to continuously shifting trade dynamics. Quantify the potential impact on revenues, costs, and production assets throughout the value chain.
  2. Understand Dynamics. Abrupt trade policy changes can shift the entire competitive landscape in different ways for different companies. Determine the strategic implications of new trade rules for each product in specific markets, such as their price competitiveness and market access. Also assess the exposure of each competitor and its suppliers to understand the relative impact and identify potential opportunities.
  3. Identify Potential Levers. Develop a set of all potential actions that can be taken in response to trade policy changes under different scenarios in order to both mitigate risk and gain competitive advantage. Identify proactive as well as reactive actions, as well as triggers that indicate when to pull these levers.
  4. Build Resilience. Identify no-regret moves that can be taken preemptively at little cost, such as prequalifying new suppliers, in order to create options and flexibility to move quickly in case of any sudden changes to international trade rules.
  5. Create a Playbook. Develop a set of actions to be taken under different scenarios, and make sure leadership is aligned on which moves to make in certain circumstances.

Navigating Tariffs

Explore facts about tariffs, debunk common myths, and understand their real impact on your business.

How BCG Helps Clients Adapt to Shifting International Trade Dynamics

Our international trade consulting experts use advanced approaches to help clients in managing trade flows, market access, supply chain resilience, and compliance.
Global Trade Model

The Global Trade Model projects trade flows using macro trends and geopolitics across corridors and product levels.

Trade Flow Analytics

Trade Flow Analytics provides dynamic trade flow maps with leading analysis of government-reported data.

Tariff Optimization

Tariff Optimization helps analyze and reduce tariff costs based on trade routes and country relationships.

Trade Engagement Index

The Trade Engagement Index combines key trade metrics to compare nations in a single model.

Geopolitical Risk Model

The Geopolitical Risk Model evaluates stability using multiple indices with sector-level insights.

Cost Competitive Index

The Cost Competitive Index identifies risks and opportunities by comparing costs across geographies, SKUs, and suppliers.

The Trade x Climate Impact Assessment

The Trade x Climate Impact Assessment models how climate regulations can shift trade flows and competitiveness.

The Trade Policy Radar

The Trade Policy Radar tracks global trade rules, sanctions, and remedies using qualitative and quantitative data monitoring and collection.

Our Client Work in International Trade

Our international trade consultants are helping companies adjust and thrive during a time of major transformation in global trade.

A global logistics company experiencing global supply chain disruptions and rising cross-border e-commerce engaged international trade consulting experts to reassess market attractiveness and M&A opportunities. Using BCG’s Global Trade Model, they analyzed eight markets across economic, political, and regulatory factors. The result: tailored strategies and over 50 high-potential acquisition targets, offering a clear roadmap for growth.
Facing geopolitical tensions, trade barriers, and rising regulatory pressures, a manufacturer sought to strengthen supply chain resilience and align operations with sustainability goals. Our international trade consultants helped the client turn geopolitical complexity into opportunity by developing optimized manufacturing network options and conducting risk analyses. This led to improved resilience to trade disruptions while optimizing for cost and regulatory compliance.

Our Latest Thinking on International Trade

Meet Our International Trade Consultants

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Leader, Global Advantage Practice

Aparna Bharadwaj

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Leader, Global Advantage Practice
Singapore

Expert Project Leader

Lorenzo Capucci

Expert Project Leader
Dubai

Partner and Associate Director, EU & Global Trade and Investment

Tim Figures

Partner and Associate Director, EU & Global Trade and Investment
London

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Lead, Center for Geopolitics

Marc Gilbert

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Lead, Center for Geopolitics
Toronto

Partner & Associate Director, Global Trade & Investment

Keith Halliday

Partner & Associate Director, Global Trade & Investment
Toronto

Associate Director, Global Trade & Investment

Iacob Koch-Weser

Associate Director, Global Trade & Investment
Boston

Partner & Director, Global Trade & Investment

Michael McAdoo

Partner & Director, Global Trade & Investment
Montreal

Managing Director & Partner

Geraldine Rhodes

Managing Director & Partner
Washington, DC

Partner & Director, Trade, Investment & Geopolitics

Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle

Partner & Director, Trade, Investment & Geopolitics
Geneva

Explore Related Services